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Spring启动过程分析

更新时间:2022-06-28 10:16:46 来源:赢咖4 浏览1034次

我们来看看SpringBoot启动的全过程。

1.SpringBoot的启动类是**application,注解@SpringBootApplication。

@SpringBootApplication
public class CmsApplication {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  SpringApplication.run(CmsApplication.class, args);
 }
}

SpringBoot 应用注解是@Configuration、@Enable AutoConfiguration 和@ComponentScan 注解的集成。它们代表Spring bean的配置bean,开启自动配置spring的上下文,组件扫描的路径。这就是为什么 * 应用程序。Java需要放在根路径下,所以@ComponentScan扫描就是整个项目。

其次,启动类默认只有一个main方法,调用SpringApplication。运行方法。让我们看一下 SpringApplication 类。

public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Object source, String... args) {
  return run(new Object[]{source}, args);
 }
...
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Object[] sources, String[] args) {
  Return (new Spring Application (sources). run (args); //sources is the specific CmsApplication. class class class class
 }
...

通过提取两个直接调用的run方法,可以看到静态方法SpringApplication。run 最后创建一个 SpringApplication 并在其中运行 run 方法。

查看构造方法:

public SpringApplication(Object... sources) {
  this.bannerMode = Mode.CONSOLE;
  this.logStartupInfo = true;
  this.addCommandLineProperties = true;
  this.headless = true;
  this.registerShutdownHook = true;
  this.additionalProfiles = new HashSet();
  this.initialize(sources);
 }
...

设置基值后调用initialize方法初始化构造函数,如下:

private void initialize(Object[] sources) {
  if (sources != null && sources.length > 0) {
   this.sources.addAll(Arrays.asList(sources));
  }
  this.webEnvironment = this.deduceWebEnvironment();
  this.setInitializers(this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
  this.setListeners(this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
  this.mainApplicationClass = this.deduceMainApplicationClass();
 }
...

2.初始化方法主要做了几个步骤:

(1)将source放在SpringApplication的source属性中,source是一个LinkedHashSet(),也就是说我们可以同时创建多个自定义的非重复应用,但是目前只有一个。

(2)判断是否为web程序(?javax.servlet.Servlet且org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContextAll必须存在于类加载器中并设置为webEnvironmentAttribute.

(3)从spring中找到Application Context Initializer。工厂并将其设置为初始化程序。

(4)从spring中找到Application Listener。工厂并将其实例化为 Spring Application 的 listener listeners 属性。这个过程是找到所有的应用程序事件监听器。

(5)找出主方法类(这里是CmsApplication),返回Class对象。

默认情况下,initialize 方法从 spring 中查找键为 ApplicationContextInitializer 的类。工厂文件:

org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer

org.springframework.boot.context.ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer

org.springframework.boot.context.ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer

org.springframework.boot.context.web.ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.logging.AutoConfigurationReportLoggingInitializer

关键是ApplicationListener。

org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener

org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener

org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingApplicationListener

org.springframework.boot.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.BackgroundPreinitializer

org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener

org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener

org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener

org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener

3.SpringApplication的构建和初始化完成后,运行run方法。

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
  StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch ();// Construct a Task Execution Observer
  StopWatch. start ();// Start execution, record start time
  ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
  FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
  this.configureHeadlessProperty();
  // Get Spring Application RunListeners with only one Event Publishing RunListener inside
  SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = this.getRunListeners(args);
  // Encapsulate Spring Application Event events and broadcast them to listeners in Spring Application to start listening
  listeners.starting();
  try {
   // Construct an application parameter holder class
   ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
   // Load Configuration Environment
   ConfigurableEnvironment environment = this.prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
   Banner printedBanner = this.printBanner(environment);
   // Create Spring containers (using BeanUtils. instantiate)
   context = this.createApplicationContext();
   // If container creation fails, analyze the cause of output failure
   new FailureAnalyzers(context);
   // Setting up container configuration environment, monitoring, etc.
   this.prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
   // Refresh containers
   this.refreshContext(context);
   this.afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
   // Broadcast the Application ReadyEvent event to the corresponding listener for execution
   listeners.finished(context, (Throwable)null);
   StopWatch. stop ();// End of execution, record execution time
   if (this.logStartupInfo) {
    (new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)).logStarted(this.getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
   }
   Return context; // Return Spring container
  } catch (Throwable var9) {
   this.handleRunFailure(context, listeners, (FailureAnalyzers)analyzers, var9);
   throw new IllegalStateException(var9);
  }
 }

run方法的流程分析如下。该方法的几个关键步骤如下:

(1)创建应用监听Spring Application RunListeners并开始监听

(2)加载SpringBook可配置环境。如果通过 Web 容器发布,它会加载标准环境,最终继承可配置环境。类图如下。

可以看到,*Environment最终实现了PropertyResolver接口,而我们通常在通过环境对象获取配置文件中Key对应的value方法时,会调用PropertyResolver接口的getProperty方法。

(3)配置环境添加到监听器对象(Spring Application RunListeners)

(4)创建Spring Container:可配置应用上下文(Application Configuration Context),我们可以看看创建方法

protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
  Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
  if (contextClass == null) {
   try {
    contextClass = Class.forName(this.webEnvironment ? "org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext" : "org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext");
   } catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) {
    throw new IllegalStateException("Unable create a default ApplicationContext, please specify an ApplicationContextClass", var3);
   }
  }
  return (ConfigurableApplicationContext)BeanUtils.instantiate(contextClass);
 }

该方法首先获取显式设置的应用上下文类,如果不存在,则加载默认环境配置(通过判断是否为web环境),默认Annotation Config应用上下文注解上下文(通过扫描所有注解类加载bean) ,最后通过BeanUtils实例化上下文对象,并返回,Configurab。leApplicationContext类图如下

主要取决于其继承的两个方向:

LifeCycle:生命周期类,定义了start start、stop、isRunning是否运行一个中等生命周期的空值方法

ApplicationContext:应用上下文类,主要继承beanFactory类。

(5)回到run方法,设置容器prepareContext方法,将监听器、环境、应用Arguments、banner等重要组件与上下文对象关联起来。

(6)刷新容器。refresh()方法:初始化方法如下:

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
  Object var1 = this.startupShutdownMonitor;
  synchronized(this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
   this.prepareRefresh();
   ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = this.obtainFreshBeanFactory();
   this.prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
   try {
    this.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
    this.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
    this.registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
    this.initMessageSource();
    this.initApplicationEventMulticaster();
    this.onRefresh();
    this.registerListeners();
    this.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
    this.finishRefresh();
   } catch (BeansException var9) {
    if (this.logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
     this.logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: " + var9);
    }
    this.destroyBeans();
    this.cancelRefresh(var9);
    throw var9;
   } finally {
    this.resetCommonCaches();
   }
  }
 }

refresh()Method做了很多核心工作,比如设置BeanFactory,执行BeanFactory PostProcessor接口,执行BeanFactory Processor接口,解析自动化配置类,加载spring。工厂,实例化bean,解析条件注释,国际化初始化等等。这部分将在以后的文章中分析。

(7)广播Application ReadyEvent并在执行结束时返回Configurable Application Context。

至此,SpringBoot启动完成,回顾一下整体流程,Springboot启动,主要创建配置环境(environment),监听器,应用上下文,根据以上条件,我们开始实例化我们需要的bean容器。如果大家想了解更多相关知识,可以关注一下赢咖4的Spring框架教程,里面有更丰富的知识等着大家去学习,希望对大家能够有所帮助。

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